Steps of Fusion Splicing Fiber Optic Cables
Fusion Splicing means securely connecting two optical fibers by heating their end faces and
Identifying the connector during fiber optic cable splicing
Fiber optic connectors are identified by their type, ferrule, and coupling mechanism, which determine how the fiber is terminated and aligned for splicing or connection.
Key Components of a Fiber Optic Connector
A typical fiber optic connector consists of three main parts: the ferrule, the connector body, and the coupling mechanism. The ferrule is the cylindrical tip that holds the fiber in precise alignment, usually made of ceramic, metal, or plastic. The connector body houses the ferrule and provides structural support, while the coupling mechanism (such as a push-pull latch or threaded screw) secures the connector to a mating adapter or device .
Common Connector Types
- SC (Subscriber Connector): Square-shaped, push-pull design, widely used in telecom and datacom networks .
- LC (Lucent Connector): Smaller form factor, latch mechanism, often used in high-density patch panels .
- FC (Ferrule Connector): Round, screw-on type, commonly used in test equipment and single-mode applications . Connectors can also be classified by their polish type: PC (Physical Contact), UPC (Ultra Physical Contact), or APC (Angled Physical Contact), which affects back reflection and insertion loss .
Identifying Connectors During Splicing
When performing fiber optic splicing, identifying the connector involves:
- Visual Inspection: Examine the connector shape, size, and coupling mechanism to determine the type (SC, LC, FC, etc.), .
- Ferrule Check: Look at the ferrule material and diameter (commonly 1.25 mm for LC, 2.5 mm for SC/FC) to confirm compatibility with the fiber type .
- Polish Type Verification: Check the end-face angle or color coding (green for APC, blue for UPC, beige for PC) to ensure proper termination and minimal reflection .
- Connector Labeling: Factory-made connectors often have markings or color codes indicating type and polish, which helps in identification before splicing .
Connector Use in Splicing
- Mechanical Splicing: The connector may be used to align fibers temporarily or permanently, with the fiber ends held in a sleeve and index-matching gel applied to reduce loss .
- Fusion Splicing: Connectors are typically removed, and the bare fibers are fused directly. After splicing, a connector may be attached to the fiber end for termination and network integration .
Testing and Verification
After identifying and attaching the connector, it is essential to test the connection using a visual fault locator (VFL) or optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) to ensure low insertion loss and proper alignment . This step confirms that the connector is correctly identified and functioning as intended. By carefully inspecting the connector type, ferrule, and polish, and verifying with testing equipment, technicians can accurately identify and use fiber optic connectors during splicing operations.
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