A review of IoT-enabled smart energy hub systems: Rising,
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key enabling technology for Smart Energy Hubs (SEH). While IoT offers
Internet-based smart energy integrates IoT devices, sensors, and smart meters to monitor and manage energy consumption in real time, enabling organizations to optimize load distribution, reduce waste, and improve operational efficiency . Smart buildings, for example, use motion sensors and intelligent thermostats to adjust lighting and HVAC systems based on occupancy and environmental conditions, minimizing unnecessary energy use . Similarly, IoT-enabled management of electric vehicle fleets allows for optimized charging schedules and route planning, reducing energy waste and operational costs .
Smart grids, powered by IoT and digital communication technologies, allow two-way communication between utilities and consumers, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and demand-side energy management . These grids facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, by balancing intermittent supply with demand and distributed storage systems . The Internet of Energy (IoE) extends this concept by connecting distributed energy systems, supporting decentralized energy production, and enhancing grid resilience .
Internet-based smart energy systems generate vast amounts of data from sensors and meters, which can be analyzed using AI, edge computing, and predictive analytics . This data-driven approach allows utilities and businesses to forecast energy demand, prevent outages, and make informed decisions that improve efficiency and sustainability . Aggregated data from residential and commercial users also helps utilities optimize power generation and distribution, ensuring grid stability and reducing energy losses .
By reducing energy waste and enabling efficient energy management, Internet-based smart energy contributes to lower greenhouse gas emissions and supports sustainability goals . Operational cost savings are achieved through automated monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimized energy usage, benefiting both utilities and consumers . These systems also align with global initiatives such as the European Green Deal and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, promoting affordable, clean, and reliable energy .
The adoption of Internet-based smart energy is crucial for modernizing energy infrastructure, enhancing efficiency, integrating renewable sources, and supporting sustainable development. By combining IoT, smart grids, and advanced analytics, these systems empower both consumers and utilities to make smarter energy decisions, reduce costs, and minimize environmental impact .

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key enabling technology for Smart Energy Hubs (SEH). While IoT offers
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In this work, we have provided an overview of the link between SES, IoT and Internet of Energy (IoE). The main applications of IoT in
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The concept is emphasized in close relation to the Internet of Things, Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0. •
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